Around 600 people die every year in Germany in around 200,000 reported fires. Almost every third fire victim is a child. Around 6,000 people suffer severe burn injuries every year, which often lead to permanent physical damage. In addition, about 60,000 people are slightly injured. 95 percent of all fire deaths do not fall victim to the flames, but die from smoke inhalation. 70 percent of fire victims are caught sleeping between 11 p.m. and 7 a.m. Four fifths of fires start in private households, not in industry. Only 7 percent of all German households are equipped with smoke detectors, in Great Britain and Sweden it is 75 and 70 percent respectively. Fire prevention and/or fighting fires and explosions is a joint task of everyone working in the company, entrepreneurs and managers
take the technical and organizational measures required to prevent incipient fires,
create and maintain the facilities required for firefighting
and have their use practiced and
colleagues to the fire hazards associated with their employment, such as,
damaged and defective cables
defective sockets, plugs and switches
too many consumers (lamps, devices) with high power on one socket
Branch plugs or plug-in devices that can be used in lamp sockets (prohibited!)
maximum rated power of incandescent lamps
and
electrical fuses must not be patched!
stationary electronic devices are checked every 4 years
mobile devices must be checked by a qualified electrician every 6 months
After purchasing electrical equipment, the manufacturer's safety and fire protection instructions are read
point out and, if necessary, ensure immediate elimination of the hazard.
The specialists for occupational safety and the safety officers have to advise the employer and the works council in carrying out these tasks or support the superiors.
The workers have to
follow the instructions for fire prevention and
support all measures to prevent fires and explosions through their conduct.
In larger companies, the establishment of a fire protection organization has proven its worth. It facilitates the coordination of all technical and organizational security measures.
A firefighting plan may be required according to the risk to the likelihood of fire and explosion occurring.
In this it is to be determined
how the extinguishing systems must be designed,
how the operational process is to be optimally designed from the point of view of fire protection,
how the fire alarm is triggered and
what has to be done to save the employees and to fight the fire.
In this context, one should also think about
timely alerting of all employees,
Clearing endangered buildings via defined and marked escape routes and
Recovery of important documents, valuable parts or even dangerous substances, e.g. B. gas cylinders, out of the danger area.
Firefighting by company employees must also be regulated
instructing the called fire brigade,
switching on the emergency lighting and emergency power supply and
opening the access roads.
DIN 14 096 "Fire Protection Regulations" contains important organizational information and suggestions. Fire brigade plans according to DIN 14 095
"Fire brigade plans for buildings".
Quick location of the fire object and
correct assessment of the situation
to ensure. They are particularly important in the case of large, confusing operating systems and for areas in which the fire-fighting crews are particularly at risk.
In order to achieve these goals, fire service plans must be constantly updated.
Where the deployment of the fire brigade is not specified in special plans with the fire brigade operations management and the fire brigade keeps neither these plans nor the keys to the doors and gates that can be opened in the event of a fire, guides for the approaching fire brigade who know the operational conditions exactly must be provided.